Electrostatics
Electric Charges and Fields
Coulomb's Law, continuous charge distributions, electric field lines, electric dipole, Gauss's Theorem and applications.
Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance
Electric potential, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of dipole, capacitance, dielectric polarization, series-parallel combinations.
Current Electricity
Current Electricity
Drift velocity, mobility, Ohm's law, temperature dependence of resistance, internal resistance, cells in series/parallel, Kirchhoff's laws.
Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism
Moving Charges and Magnetism
Biot-Savart Law, Ampere's Circuital Law, magnetic field of solenoid, Lorentz force, torque on current loop, moving coil galvanometer.
Magnetism and Matter
Bar magnet as equivalent solenoid, magnetic dipole moment, Earth's magnetic elements, diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances.
Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, motional EMF, eddy currents, self and mutual inductance, energy stored in inductor.
Alternating Current
Peak and RMS values, phasor diagrams, AC through R, L, C, series LCR circuit resonance, power in AC circuits, AC generator & transformer.
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves
Displacement current, Maxwell's equations, transverse nature of EM waves, electromagnetic spectrum characteristics and applications.
Optics
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Refraction at spherical surfaces, Lens Maker's formula, dispersion through prism, compound microscope, and astronomical telescope.
Wave Optics
Huygens' wave theory, proof of reflection & refraction, Young's double slit interference, single slit Fraunhofer diffraction.
Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Photoelectric effect experimental observations, Einstein's photoelectric equation, Millikan's slope ($h/e$), de Broglie hypothesis for electrons.
Atoms and Nuclei
Atoms
Alpha scattering experiment, distance of closest approach, Bohr's postulates, radius and energy derivations, hydrogen emission series.
Nuclei
Nuclear radius relation ($R = R_0 A^{1/3}$), invariant density proof, mass defect, binding energy curve, nuclear forces, fission & fusion.
Electronic Devices
Semiconductor Electronics
Energy bands in solids, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction diode I-V characteristics, half & full-wave rectifiers, optoelectronics.